如何記錄單片機日志？

嵌入式大雜燴 · 發(fā)表于 2024-8-29 11:38:00

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很多場景都需要記錄日志，在單片機這種存儲資源有限的環(huán)境下，就需要一種輕量級的存儲方法。
系統(tǒng)日志在嵌入式設(shè)備應(yīng)用場景中，系統(tǒng)日志時�？梢员O(jiān)控設(shè)備軟件的運行狀態(tài)，及時記錄問題點以及關(guān)鍵信息，方便開發(fā)人員后期定位以及解決問題。
本文將講述一種簡易的系統(tǒng)日志記錄方法，用于保存設(shè)備的系統(tǒng)日志，視具體嵌入式設(shè)備情況而定，可存儲在MCU內(nèi)部Flash、外部Flash、EEPROM等，本文采用外部Flash作為示例展開介紹。
思路分析對于系統(tǒng)日志可以當成文件系統(tǒng)，可以劃分為三個重要部分：目錄區(qū)、參數(shù)區(qū)、日志區(qū)。

目錄區(qū)：根據(jù)日期進行歸類，記錄當天的日志的存儲地址、日志索引、日志大小，通過目錄可以獲取整個日志文件的概況；

參數(shù)區(qū)：存儲記錄日志寫位置、目錄項個數(shù)、寫狀態(tài)等參數(shù)；

日志區(qū)：這是我們主要的存儲區(qū)，記錄系統(tǒng)的日志，支持環(huán)寫。這三個區(qū)域都需要占用部分內(nèi)存，可以自行分配大小。
實現(xiàn)的效果如下圖所示，設(shè)置通過指令可查詢到整個日志目錄區(qū)的概況。查詢系統(tǒng)日志目錄：AT+CATALOG?LOG_ID:存儲日志按日期分類，該ID用于查詢對應(yīng)日期日志,從1開始計數(shù)；LOG_DATE:系統(tǒng)日志存儲日期；LOG_ADDR:系統(tǒng)日志存儲外部FLASH地址；LOG_OFFSET:系統(tǒng)日志存儲偏移量（各日期日志大小，單位：字節(jié)）。

查詢指定日期系統(tǒng)日志：AT+CATALOG=LOG_ID:在查詢系統(tǒng)日志目錄時獲取，當LOG_ID為0時，為查詢整個系統(tǒng)日志。

另外提供移除系統(tǒng)日志（清除日志目錄）指令：AT+RMLOG，后面將講述具體實現(xiàn)。
FLASH內(nèi)存劃分FLASH內(nèi)存需要看具體設(shè)備進行合理劃分，目錄區(qū)、參數(shù)區(qū)與日志區(qū)實現(xiàn)環(huán)形存儲，延長擦寫壽命。

#define FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE    ((uint32_t)0x001000)#define FLASH_BLOCK_32K_SIZE ((uint32_t)0x008000)#define FLASH_BLOCK_64K_SIZE ((uint32_t)0x010000)#define SECTOR_MASK             (FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)       /*扇區(qū)掩碼 ------*/#define SECTOR_BASE(addr)       (addr & (~SECTOR_MASK))       /*扇區(qū)的基地址 --*/#define SECTOR_OFFSET(addr)    (addr & SECTOR_MASK)          /*扇區(qū)內(nèi)的偏移 --*/
#define BLOCK_32K_BASE(addr) (addr & (~(FLASH_BLOCK_32K_SIZE)))#define BLOCK_64K_BASE(addr) (addr & (~(FLASH_BLOCK_64K_SIZE)))
typedef enum { FLASH_BLOCK_4K  = 0,       /** FLASH_BLOCK_32K = 1,       /** FLASH_BLOCK_64K = 2          /**}flash_block_t;
/* flash 空間索引 */typedef enum{ FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE = 0, FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, FLASH_ZONEX,}flash_zone_e;
typedef struct{ flash_zone_e zone; uint32_t start_address; uint32_t end_address;}flash_table_t;
/* 地址劃分 */static const flash_table_t flash_table[] = {  { .zone = FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE,    .start_address = 0x03200000, .end_address = 0x032FFFFF}, { .zone = FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, .start_address = 0x03300000, .end_address = 0x033FFFFF}, { .zone = FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE,       .start_address = 0x03400000, .end_address = 0x03FFFFFF},  };
Flash底層實現(xiàn)擦除、讀寫操作接口，由讀者自行實現(xiàn)。

flash_table_t *get_flash_table(flash_zone_e zone){  int i = 0;  for (i = 0; i    if (zone == flash_table.zone)    return (flash_table_t *)&flash_table;  }
  return NULL;  }
int flash_erase(flash_zone_e zone, uint32_t address, flash_block_t block_type){  flash_table_t *flash_table_tmp = get_flash_table(zone);
  if (flash_table_tmp == NULL) return -1;
  if (address start_address ||address > flash_table_tmp->end_address)    return -1;
  return bsp_spi_flash_erase(address, block_type);}
int flash_write(flash_zone_e zone, uint32_t address, const uint8_t*data, uint32_t length){  flash_table_t *flash_table_tmp = get_flash_table(zone);
  if (flash_table_tmp == NULL)    return -1;
  if ((address start_address) ||((address + length) > flash_table_tmp->end_address))    return -1;
  return bsp_spi_flash_buffer_write(address, (uint8_t *)data, length);}
int flash_read(flash_zone_e zone, uint32_t address, uint8_t*buffer, uint32_t length){  flash_table_t *flash_table_tmp = get_flash_table(zone);
  if (flash_table_tmp == NULL) return -1;
  if ((address start_address) ||((address + length) > flash_table_tmp->end_address)) return -1;
  bsp_spi_flash_buffer_read(buffer, address, length);  return 0;}
參數(shù)與結(jié)構(gòu)體定義日志數(shù)據(jù)存儲時間戳，便于問題定位，需要實現(xiàn)RTC接口調(diào)用。

typedef struct { uint16_t Year; /* 年份:YYYY */ uint8_t Month; /* 月份:MM */ uint8_t Day; /* 日:DD */ uint8_t Hour; /* 小時:HH */ uint8_t Minute; /* 分鐘:MM */ uint8_t Second; /* 秒:SS */}time_t;
int bsp_rtc_get_time(time_t *date);
參數(shù)區(qū)應(yīng)當保證數(shù)據(jù)的正確性，應(yīng)加入?yún)?shù)校驗存儲，定義校驗結(jié)構(gòu)體。

#define SYSTEM_LOG_MAGIC_PARAM 0x87654321 /* 日志參數(shù)標識符 */typedef struct { uint32_t magic; /* 參數(shù)標識符 */ uint16_t crc; /* 校驗值 */ uint16_t len; /* 參數(shù)長度 */} single_sav_t;
參數(shù)區(qū)需記錄當前日志記錄的寫位置，以及目錄項個數(shù)，還有日志區(qū)和目錄區(qū)環(huán)寫狀態(tài)，并且存儲最新時間等等。

/* 日志區(qū)參數(shù) */typedef struct {  uint32_t write_pos;          /* 寫位置 */  uint32_t catalog_num;          /* 目錄項個數(shù) */  uint8_t log_cyclic_status; /* 系統(tǒng)日志環(huán)形寫狀態(tài) */    uint8_t catalog_cyclic_status; /* 日志目錄環(huán)形寫狀態(tài) */  time_t    log_latest_time;    /* 存儲最新時間 */}system_log_t;
/* 目錄區(qū)參數(shù) */typedef struct {  uint32_t log_id;    /* 日志索引 */ uint32_t log_addr; /* 日志地址 */  uint32_t log_offset;  /* 日志偏移大小，單位：字節(jié) */  time_t log_time; /* 日志存儲時間 */}system_catalog_t;
/* 系統(tǒng)日志參數(shù) */typedef struct {  single_sav_t crc_val;  system_log_t system_log;  system_catalog_t system_catalog;}sys_log_param_t;
typedef struct {  uint8_t system_log_print_enable; /* 系統(tǒng)日志打印使能 */  uint16_t system_log_print_id; /* 打印指定id系統(tǒng)日志 */  uint32_t system_log_param_addr;  /* 當前日志寫地址 */} sys_ram_t;
sys_ram_t  SysRam;sys_log_param_t SysLogParam;
sys_ram_t  *gp_sys_ram = &SysRam;sys_log_param_t *gp_sys_log = &SysLogParam;
實現(xiàn)接口說明CRC校驗接口，可以自定義實現(xiàn)。

/* 16位CRC校驗高位表 */static const uint8_t auchCRCHi[]={0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,
0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xc0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xc1,0x81,0x40};
/* 16位CRC校驗低位表 */static const uint8_t auchCRCLo[]={0x00,0xc0,0xc1,0x01,0xc3,0x03,0x02,0xc2,0xc6,0x06,0x07,0xc7,0x05,0xc5,0xc4,0x04,0xcc,0x0c,0x0d,0xcd,0x0f,0xcf,0xce,0x0e,0x0a,0xca,0xcb,0x0b,0xc9,0x09,0x08,0xc8,0xd8,0x18,0x19,0xd9,0x1b,0xdb,0xda,0x1a,0x1e,0xde,0xdf,0x1f,0xdd,0x1d,0x1c,0xdc,0x14,0xd4,0xd5,0x15,0xd7,0x17,0x16,0xd6,0xd2,0x12,0x13,0xd3,0x11,0xd1,0xd0,0x10,0xf0,0x30,0x31,0xf1,0x33,0xf3,0xf2,0x32,0x36,0xf6,0xf7,0x37,0xf5,0x35,0x34,0xf4,0x3c,0xfc,0xfd,0x3d,0xff,0x3f,0x3e,0xfe,0xfa,0x3a,0x3b,0xfb,0x39,0xf9,0xf8,0x38,0x28,0xe8,0xe9,0x29,0xeb,0x2b,0x2a,0xea,0xee,0x2e,0x2f,0xef,0x2d,0xed,0xec,0x2c,0xe4,0x24,0x25,0xe5,0x27,0xe7,0xe6,0x26,0x22,0xe2,0xe3,0x23,0xe1,0x21,0x20,0xe0,
0xa0,0x60,0x61,0xa1,0x63,0xa3,0xa2,0x62,0x66,0xa6,0xa7,0x67,0xa5,0x65,0x64,0xa4,0x6c,0xac,0xad,0x6d,0xaf,0x6f,0x6e,0xae,0xaa,0x6a,0x6b,0xab,0x69,0xa9,0xa8,0x68,0x78,0xb8,0xb9,0x79,0xbb,0x7b,0x7a,0xba,0xbe,0x7e,0x7f,0xbf,0x7d,0xbd,0xbc,0x7c,0xb4,0x74,0x75,0xb5,0x77,0xb7,0xb6,0x76,0x72,0xb2,0xb3,0x73,0xb1,0x71,0x70,0xb0,0x50,0x90,0x91,0x51,0x93,0x53,0x52,0x92,0x96,0x56,0x57,0x97,0x55,0x95,0x94,0x54,0x9c,0x5c,0x5d,0x9d,0x5f,0x9f,0x9e,0x5e,0x5a,0x9a,0x9b,0x5b,0x99,0x59,0x58,0x98,0x88,0x48,0x49,0x89,0x4b,0x8b,0x8a,0x4a,0x4e,0x8e,0x8f,0x4f,0x8d,0x4d,0x4c,0x8c,0x44,0x84,0x85,0x45,0x87,0x47,0x46,0x86,0x82,0x42,0x43,0x83,0x41,0x81,0x80,0x40};
/* 實現(xiàn)crc功能函數(shù) */static uint16_t CRC16(uint8_t* puchMsg, uint16_t usDataLen){  uint8_t uchCRCHi=0xff;  uint8_t uchCRCLo=0xff;  uint16_t uIndex;
  while(usDataLen--) { uIndex=uchCRCHi^*(puchMsg++); uchCRCHi=uchCRCLo^auchCRCHi[uIndex]; uchCRCLo=auchCRCLo[uIndex];  }
  return uchCRCHi}
保存系統(tǒng)日志參數(shù)，每實現(xiàn)寫日志操作后都需要保存當前的參數(shù)值，防止意外丟失。

void save_system_log_param(void){  uint32_t i = 0;  uint32_t addr = 0;  uint32_t remainbyte = 0;  uint32_t start_addr;  int len = sizeof(sys_log_param_t);  uint8_t *pdata = (uint8_t *)&SysLogParam;  flash_table_t *flash_tmp = get_flash_table(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE);
  /* 校驗參數(shù) */  gp_sys_log->crc_val.magic = SYSTEM_LOG_MAGIC_PARAM;  gp_sys_log->crc_val.len = sizeof(sys_log_param_t) - sizeof(single_sav_t);  gp_sys_log->crc_val.crc = CRC16(&pdata[sizeof(single_sav_t)], gp_sys_log->crc_val.len);
  start_addr = gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr;  /* 剩余內(nèi)存不夠?qū)�，則重新從起始地址開始寫，實現(xiàn)環(huán)形存儲功能  */  if ((start_addr + len) > flash_tmp->end_address) {    start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address;  }  gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr = start_addr + len;  /* 首地址存儲，擦除整個系統(tǒng)日志參數(shù)存儲區(qū)，如果劃分的內(nèi)存較大，可能出現(xiàn)第一次擦寫等待時間較長，    但實際應(yīng)用嵌入式設(shè)備應(yīng)該不會占用太多的內(nèi)存存儲系統(tǒng)日志，只當為輔助使用，有額外應(yīng)用可自行實現(xiàn) */  if (flash_tmp->start_address == start_addr) { /*for (i = flash_tmp->start_address; i end_address; i+= FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE)    flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(i), FLASH_BLOCK_4K); */ addr = flash_tmp->start_address; do {    if ((addr + FLASH_BLOCK_64K_SIZE) end_address) {       flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, BLOCK_64K_BASE(i), FLASH_BLOCK_64K);       addr += FLASH_BLOCK_64K_SIZE;    } else if ((addr + FLASH_BLOCK_32K_SIZE) end_address) {       flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, BLOCK_32K_BASE(i), FLASH_BLOCK_32K);       addr += FLASH_BLOCK_32K_SIZE;    } else if ((addr + FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) end_address) {       flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(i), FLASH_BLOCK_4K);       addr += FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE;    } else {       break;    } } while (addr end_address); }
  remainbyte = FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - (start_addr % FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE);  if (remainbyte > len) { remainbyte = len;  }  while (1) { flash_write(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, start_addr, pdata, remainbyte); if (remainbyte == len) {    break; } else {    pdata += remainbyte;    start_addr += remainbyte;    len -= remainbyte;    remainbyte = (len > FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) ? FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE : len; }  }}
導(dǎo)入系統(tǒng)日志默認參數(shù)接口，初始化默認參數(shù)或者移除日志。

void load_system_log_default_param(void){  /* 系統(tǒng)日志默認參數(shù) */  /* 目錄環(huán)寫狀態(tài)標志 */  gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_cyclic_status = 0x00;  /* 目錄項個數(shù) */  gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_num = 0;  /* 日志環(huán)寫標志 , 1:環(huán)寫狀態(tài) */  gp_sys_log->system_log.log_cyclic_status = 0;  /* 設(shè)置默認值，實際會重新從RTC獲取最新時間 */  gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Year = 2019;  gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Month = 5;  gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Day = 8;  gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Hour = 13;  gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Minute = 14;  gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Second = 10;  /* 日志寫位置從0開始 */  gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos = 0;
  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_addr = 0;  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id = 0;  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_offset = 0;  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Year = 2019;  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Month = 5;  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Day = 8;  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Hour = 12;  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Minute = 12;  gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Second = 14;
  gp_sys_log->crc_val.magic = SYSTEM_LOG_MAGIC_PARAM;
  /* 導(dǎo)入默認參數(shù)后進行保存 */  save_system_log_param();}
設(shè)備開機或者復(fù)位都會進行導(dǎo)入系統(tǒng)日志參數(shù)操作，恢復(fù)日志讀寫參數(shù)，參數(shù)區(qū)為頻繁讀寫操作區(qū)域，每一次寫操作都會進行一次偏移，有效的導(dǎo)入?yún)?shù)方法是從參數(shù)區(qū)結(jié)束地址到起始地址進行掃描，掃描不到合法的參數(shù)則會導(dǎo)入默認日志參數(shù)。

/* 參數(shù)初始化，在終端啟動時調(diào)用 */int load_system_log_param(void){  uint32_t i = 0;  single_sav_t psav;  uint32_t end_addr;  uint32_t interal = sizeof(sys_log_param_t);  int data_len = sizeof(sys_log_param_t) - sizeof(single_sav_t);  uint8_t *pram = (uint8_t *)&SysLogParam;  flash_table_t *flash_tmp = get_flash_table(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE);
  end_addr =flash_tmp->end_address - (flash_tmp->end_address - flash_tmp->start_address) % interal;  for (i = end_addr - interal; i > flash_tmp->start_address; i -= interal) { flash_read(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, i, (uint8_t *)&psav, sizeof(single_sav_t)); if ((psav.magic == SYSTEM_LOG_MAGIC_PARAM) && (psav.len ==data_len)) {          flash_read(FLASH_SYSLOG_PARA_ZONE, i + sizeof(single_sav_t), &pram[sizeof(single_sav_t)], data_len);    if (psav.crc != CRC16(&pram[sizeof(single_sav_t)], data_len))       continue;    gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr = i;    log_info("Load System Log Param Addr[0x%08x]!", gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr);    return 0; }  }
  /* 掃描不到合法的參數(shù)，導(dǎo)入默認系統(tǒng)日志參數(shù) */  load_system_log_default_param();  /* 獲取日志寫地址 */  gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr = flash_tmp->start_address;  log_info("Load System Log Param Addr(Default)[0x%08x]!", gp_sys_ram->system_log_param_addr);  return 1;}
讀寫系統(tǒng)日志目錄接口，讀寫指定日志索引目錄信息。實際實現(xiàn)會定義最新的目錄信息存儲在日志參數(shù)區(qū)，當日期發(fā)生改變，則表示當前目錄信息已經(jīng)完結(jié)，將最新的目錄信息錄入日志目錄區(qū)保存，最多每天寫入一次目錄區(qū)。

/* 讀取日志目錄區(qū)指定日志索引目錄信息 */int system_catalog_read(system_catalog_t *catalog, uint32_t id){  uint32_t addr;  int rlen = sizeof(system_catalog_t);  uint8_t *pbuf = (uint8_t *)catalog;  flash_table_t *flash_tmp = get_flash_table(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE);
  if (0 == id)    return -1;  addr = flash_tmp->start_address + (rlen * (id - 1));  if (addr > flash_tmp->end_address)    return -1;
  return flash_read(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, addr, pbuf, rlen);}
/* 寫日志目錄區(qū)目錄信息 */int system_catalog_write(system_catalog_t *catalog, uint32_t id){  uint32_t start_offset;  uint32_t start_addr;  uint32_t start_base;  uint32_t remainbyte;  int wlen = sizeof(system_catalog_t);  uint8_t *pdata = (uint8_t *)catalog;  flash_table_t *flash_tmp = get_flash_table(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE);
  if (0 == id) return -1;  start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address + wlen * (id - 1);  if ((start_addr + wlen) > flash_tmp->end_address) { start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address;  }
  /* 本扇區(qū)剩余空間大小 */  remainbyte = FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - (start_addr % FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE);  /* 寫入數(shù)據(jù)長度小于本扇區(qū)剩余長度，直接寫入 */  if (remainbyte > wlen) { remainbyte = wlen;  }  /* 寫目錄次數(shù)不會太頻繁，視具體情況改寫操作實現(xiàn) */  while (1) { start_base = SECTOR_BASE(start_addr);    start_offset = SECTOR_OFFSET(start_addr); flash_read(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, start_base, sector_buf, FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); flash_erase(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, start_base, FLASH_BLOCK_4K); memcpy((char *)&sector_buf[start_offset], pdata, remainbyte); flash_write(FLASH_CATALOG_ZONE, start_base, sector_buf, FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); if (remainbyte == wlen) {    break; } else {    pdata += remainbyte;    start_addr += remainbyte;    wlen -= remainbyte;    remainbyte = (wlen > FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) ? FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE : wlen; }  }
  return 0;}
打印系統(tǒng)日志目錄區(qū)信息，可實現(xiàn)通過指令查詢到目錄區(qū)信息。

int system_catalog_all_print(void){  int i = 0;  system_catalog_t catalog;
  printf("System Log Command Information:\r
");  printf("Query Specifies Log : AT+CATALOG=\r
");  printf("Query All Log : AT+CATALOG=\r
\r
");  printf("Query All System Catalog:\r
");  printf("LOG_ID LOG_DATE LOG_ADDR LOG_OFFSET  \r
");  for (i = 0; i system_log.catalog_num; i++) { /* 當前最新目錄信息 */       if (i == (gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id - 1)) {    catalog = gp_sys_log->system_catalog; /* 獲取當前最新目錄信息 */ } else {    system_catalog_read(&catalog, i + 1); } printf("%d %04d-%02d-%02d 0x%08X %d  \r
",    catalog.log_id, catalog.log_time.Year, catalog.log_time.Month, catalog.log_time.Day,    catalog.log_addr, catalog.log_offset); memset((char *)&catalog, 0, sizeof(system_catalog_t));  }  return 0;}
讀取指定日志目錄索引信息接口，可指定日志索引或者讀取全部日志數(shù)據(jù)。

int system_log_task(int argc){  int rlen = 0;  uint32_t offset, start_addr, end_addr;  system_catalog_t catalog;  flash_table_t *flash_tmp =get_flash_table(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE);
  if (0 == gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_enable)    return 1;
  gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_enable = 0x00;  if (gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_id == ALL_LOG_PRINT) { /* log回環(huán)寫標志,打印整個LOG存儲區(qū) */ if (0x01 == gp_sys_log->system_log.log_cyclic_status) {    start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address;    end_addr = flash_tmp->end_address;    offset = end_addr - start_addr; } else {    start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address;    end_addr = start_addr + gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos;    offset = gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos; }  } else { /* 讀取指定ID日志 */ if (gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_id == gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id) {    catalog = gp_sys_log->system_catalog; } else {    system_catalog_read(&catalog, gp_sys_ram->system_log_print_id); } start_addr = catalog.log_addr; offset = catalog.log_offset;  }
  if (0 == offset) return 1;
  while (1) { rlen = (offset > 512) ? 512 : offset; system_log_read(sector_buf, start_addr, rlen); HAL_Delay(80); /* 目錄信息通過調(diào)式串口打印 */ bsp_debug_send(sector_buf, rlen); start_addr += rlen; offset -= rlen; if (0 == offset)    break;  }  return 0;}
存儲系統(tǒng)日志接口，實現(xiàn)更新存儲日期，當寫位置為扇區(qū)地址，則擦除一個扇區(qū)作為存儲日志，這樣避免每寫一次就擦除一次。

int system_log_write(uint8_t *wbuf, int wlen){  uint32_t start_addr;  uint8_t *pdata = wbuf;  uint32_t remainbyte;  int system_catalog_max_id;  flash_table_t *flash_tmp =get_flash_table(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE);
  /* 計算目錄區(qū)的最大存儲目錄項個數(shù) */  system_catalog_max_id = ((flash_tmp->end_address - flash_tmp->start_address) / sizeof(system_catalog_t));  start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address + gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos;  /* 存儲數(shù)據(jù)地址大于規(guī)劃內(nèi)存地址范圍處理 */  if ((start_addr + wlen) > flash_tmp->end_address) {    start_addr = flash_tmp->start_address; /* 寫位置偏移量重置 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos = 0; /* LOG回環(huán)存儲標志置位 */ gp_sys_log->system_log.log_cyclic_status = 0x01; }  /* 寫位置偏移 */  gp_sys_log->system_log.write_pos += wlen;
  if ((gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Year != gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Year) || (gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Month != gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Month) || (gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time.Day != gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time.Day)) {
/* 日期改變，記錄目錄信息，當log_id為0，則不寫入 */ system_catalog_write(&gp_sys_log->system_catalog, gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id); /* 記錄存儲日期 */ gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_time = gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time;
if ((gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id + 1) >= system_catalog_max_id) {    gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_num = system_catalog_max_id; /* 目錄循環(huán)寫，目錄數(shù)應(yīng)為最大 */    gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_cyclic_status = 1; /* 目錄回環(huán)寫標志 */ } else {    if (0 == gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_cyclic_status) {       /* 獲取目錄數(shù) */       gp_sys_log->system_log.catalog_num = gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id + 1;    } }
/* 存儲最新目錄項信息 */ gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id = (gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_id + 1) % system_catalog_max_id; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_addr = start_addr; gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_offset = wlen; } else { gp_sys_log->system_catalog.log_offset += wlen; }
  /* 寫位置為存儲起始地址并且不為扇區(qū)首地址 */  if ((flash_tmp->start_address == start_addr) && (SECTOR_OFFSET(flash_tmp->start_address))){ flash_read(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), sector_buf, FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE); flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), FLASH_BLOCK_4K); /* 將扇區(qū)頭部至起始地址區(qū)間的數(shù)據(jù)回寫 */ flash_write(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), &sector_buf[0], SECTOR_OFFSET(start_addr)); }  /* 寫位置為扇區(qū)首地址，則擦除一個扇區(qū)的存儲區(qū) */  if (0 == SECTOR_OFFSET(start_addr)) { flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), FLASH_BLOCK_4K);  }
  /* 本扇區(qū)剩余空間大小 */  remainbyte = FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - (start_addr % FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE);  /* 寫入數(shù)據(jù)長度小于本扇區(qū)剩余長度，直接寫入 */  if (remainbyte > wlen) { remainbyte = wlen;  }  while (1) { flash_write(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, start_addr, pdata, remainbyte); if (remainbyte == wlen) {    break; } else {    pdata += remainbyte;    start_addr += remainbyte;    wlen -= remainbyte;    remainbyte = (wlen > FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) ? FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE : wlen;    /* 扇區(qū)首地址則擦除整個扇區(qū)，該扇區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)不保存 */    if (0 == SECTOR_OFFSET(start_addr)) {       flash_erase(FLASH_SYSLOG_ZONE, SECTOR_BASE(start_addr), FLASH_BLOCK_4K);    } }  }
  /* 環(huán)形存儲參數(shù) */  save_system_log_param();  return 0;}
系統(tǒng)調(diào)試對接為了更好記錄系統(tǒng)日志，將應(yīng)用調(diào)試等級結(jié)合一塊，實現(xiàn)記錄錯誤調(diào)試信息以及需要保存的關(guān)鍵信息。定義的調(diào)試等級有：關(guān)閉調(diào)試等級、錯誤調(diào)試等級、警告調(diào)試等級、關(guān)鍵調(diào)試等級、debug調(diào)試等級，而LOG_RECORD_LEVEL將主動保存日志并輸出信息，LOG_ERROR_LEVEL會存儲對應(yīng)的日志信息，但需要根據(jù)應(yīng)用調(diào)試等級輸出信息。設(shè)置與讀取應(yīng)用調(diào)試等級由讀者自行定義。

#define LOG_CLOSE_LEVEL       0x00 /* 關(guān)閉調(diào)試信息 */#define LOG_ERROR_LEVEL       0x01 /* 錯誤調(diào)試信息 */#define LOG_WARN_LEVEL       0x02 /* 警告調(diào)試信息 */#define LOG_INFO_LEVEL       0x03 /* 關(guān)鍵調(diào)試信息 */#define LOG_DEBUG_LEVEL       0x04 /* debug調(diào)試信息 */#define LOG_RECORD_LEVEL    0x10 /* 保存日志并輸出信息 */  #define LOG_PRINT_LEVEL       0xff
#define SET_LOG_LEVEL(LEVEL) (gp_sys_param->system_print_level = LEVEL)#define GET_LOG_LEVEL()       (gp_sys_param->system_print_level)
#define log_debug(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_DEBUG_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define log_info(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_INFO_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define log_warn(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_WARN_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define log_error(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_ERROR_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define log_record(fmt, args...)  log_format(LOG_RECORD_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)#define printf(fmt, args...) log_format(LOG_PRINT_LEVEL, fmt, ##args)
typedef struct {  int level;  char *fmt_str;}system_print_fmt_t;
system_print_fmt_t system_print_fmt_list[] = {  { .level = LOG_ERROR_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"},  { .level = LOG_WARN_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"},  { .level = LOG_INFO_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"},  { .level = LOG_DEBUG_LEVEL, .fmt_str = ":"},  { .level = LOG_RECORD_LEVEL,  .fmt_str = ":"},};
int log_format(uint8_t level, const char *fmt, ...){  #define TIME_PREFIX_SIZE  (21)  #define PRINT_MAX_SIZE (1024 + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE)
va_list args; int num = 0, i = 0, fmt_index = 0; int fmt_str_len = 0, ret = -1; int file_str_len = 0, line_str_len = 0; char line_buf[20] = {0}; static char buf[PRINT_MAX_SIZE];  static QueueHandle_t sem = NULL;  time_t time = {0};
  /* 針對os系統(tǒng) */  if (NULL == sem) {       sem = xSemaphoreCreateCounting(1, 1); /* always think of success */  }
  xSemaphoreTake(sem, portMAX_DELAY);
  ret = -1;  fmt_str_len = 0;  if (level != LOG_PRINT_LEVEL) { if ((GET_LOG_LEVEL()    goto exit_end;
for (i = 0; i    if (level == system_print_fmt_list.level) {       fmt_index = i;       break;    } } if (i > SYSTEM_PRINT_FMT_LIST_MAX) {    goto exit_end; }
fmt_str_len = strlen(system_print_fmt_list[fmt_index].fmt_str); strncpy((char *)&buf[TIME_PREFIX_SIZE], system_print_fmt_list[fmt_index].fmt_str, fmt_str_len);  }
va_start(args, fmt); num = vsnprintf((char *)&buf[fmt_str_len + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE], PRINT_MAX_SIZE - fmt_str_len - TIME_PREFIX_SIZE - 2, fmt, args); va_end(args);
if (num 0) { goto exit_end; }
  if (level != LOG_PRINT_LEVEL) { num += fmt_str_len; buf[num + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE] = '\r'; buf[num + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE + 1] = '
'; num += 2;  }
  if ((GET_LOG_LEVEL()    //do nothing  } else { ret = bsp_debug_send((uint8_t*)&buf[TIME_PREFIX_SIZE], num); }
  if ((LOG_ERROR_LEVEL == level) || (LOG_RECORD_LEVEL == level)) { bsp_rtc_get_time(&time); sprintf(&buf[0], "[%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",    time.Year, time.Month, time.Day,time.Hour, time.Minute, time.Second); buf[TIME_PREFIX_SIZE - 1] = ']'; gp_sys_log->system_log.log_latest_time = time; system_log_write((uint8_t *)buf, num + TIME_PREFIX_SIZE);  }
exit_end:  xSemaphoreGive(sem);  return ret;}
結(jié)語本文提供的一種簡易嵌入式設(shè)備系統(tǒng)日志記錄方法，代碼量不多，實現(xiàn)簡單，針對不同的設(shè)備需要合理規(guī)劃內(nèi)存使用。
根據(jù)軟件運行狀態(tài)，合適加入調(diào)試信息并保存對應(yīng)的日志信息，方便開發(fā)人員了解系統(tǒng)或軟件運行狀況，協(xié)助開發(fā)分析數(shù)據(jù)資源從而更好完善系統(tǒng)，提高定位以及解決問題的效果。來源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/LiaRonBob/article/details/102766871聲明：本文素材來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)，版權(quán)歸原作者所有。如涉及作品版權(quán)問題，請與我聯(lián)系刪除。
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